FAQs

A: Let’s start with the most obvious. You did not add your Wife’s name to the deed so you did not “gift” the Property to her. The Property remains your non-marital property. However, during the Marriage, the Home’s increase in value is the result of principal reduction of the mortgage, and may further be the result of both improvements and passive appreciation (market forces). Any such increase in value, as a result, is a “marital asset” subject to equitable division. You keep the House but would either need to refinance draw out more equity to buy out your Wife’s ½ share of said increase in value and/ or she gets a greater share of another asset (or you take a greater share of the marital debt). The starting point for equitable distribution is a 50/50 division of all marital assets. I would need to know the value of the Home at the date of marriage and the balance of the mortgage at that time as well as the value of the Home and the remaining balance of the mortgage at this time. With this said, I would also need to know if you have re-financed the mortgage during the marriage. I would then be able to determine the “marital” portion of the increased value.

A: The Court may award you an unequal distribution of the marital home if you prove that maintaining the Home is “economically feasible”. At a minimum, you would need to prove that the mortgage(s) is comparable to local rental rates for similar properties of like size and that the fixed household expenses (including the mortgage) is affordable. In this regard, the Court will also inquire of the parties’ respective economic circumstances. For instance, your Husband may argue that he is in great need of his share of the equity out of the Home in order to establish himself in another residence. Assuming the Home is the most significant asset of the parties and further assuming you are not able to re-finance to buy your Husband out of his share, then the Court may order the sale of the Home. Notwithstanding, the Court will consider the best interests of the child(ren) in rendering this decision such as a consideration of whether this is the Home in which the children have lived for some time; the particular school district; etc.

A: In Florida, a “long term” marriage is one which is 17 years or longer. Since your Marriage is over 17 years, a presumption of entitlement (to alimony) arises. Your Husband would now have to come forward with why you should not be awarded alimony. In this instance, I believe you would be awarded long term alimony either in the form of permanent periodic or durational alimony given the length of the marriage, the earning disparity between you and your Husband, and the extraordinary contribution(s) to the marriage of raising the two children. The amount of alimony would be based on your quantified “need” and your Husband’s “ability” to contribute towards your support.

A: An attorney cannot advise you to not abide by a court order. The short answer to your question is, yes, you have to continue to pay your alimony obligation until further order of the Court. Although you have no present income, you can be found in “willful” contempt if you have some ability to pay the alimony out of savings and/ or the liquidation of assets. In the interim, you would need to keep a diligent job search journal of where you are applying for employment, the position being applied for, and the rate of pay and benefits available.

If you are not able to find comparable employment after a diligent job search and take a job making $60,000.00 gross annual, your former wife may believe you have used less than diligent effort to find comparable employment. In order to “impute” income to you at a higher rate than $60,000.00, your former wife would have to prove that you are “voluntarily” under-employed and that, given your recent work history, qualifications, and the local job market, jobs are available to you earning more than $60,000.00 gross annual. If you lost your job due to your position becoming obsolete or to downsizing, then this may be considered “involuntary” in which event the Court may modify your alimony obligation (downward) given you are making about 50% less than what you were previously earning at the time of the Final Judgment.

A: You cannot unilaterally reduce your alimony obligation. In order to modify an alimony or child support obligation, you would have to file a supplemental proceeding and prove that a substantial change(s) in circumstance has arisen warranting a downward (or upward) modification. A substantial change in circumstance is defined as one which is involuntary, material, permanent, and unanticipated.

If you have performed a “diligent” job search of at least one application or interview per day and have been unable to find comparable employment, and assuming the job you took at $84,000.00 is the best job you can find as far as salary and benefits, then I would opine that you have shown “permanency” (lost earning capacity). Further, a reduction in income of around $60,000.00 per year is a material change in your earning capacity. Your position was no longer necessary as a result of two lost contracts by your Employer. This does not sound as if you “voluntarily” lost your job, such as a resignation. Under the circumstances, you would have a case for a downward modification of your alimony obligation.

A: The Court will evaluate a variety of factors to determine if the best interests of the children are served by the relocation to NY. Given that you both co-parent well, then your ex may not be able to argue that you have frustrated her relationship with the children and that you would continue to do so if permitted to relocate. This is a positive. Let’s assume you have some credible evidence that the school in which the children would attend in NY is better than the school they are currently attending. This, too, is a positive.

Although $20,000.00 is a lot of money, could you make that type of money in Florida if you searched? Further, what is the cost of living in NY State versus Florida? Does the COLA negate your $20,000.00 increase in salary? Even if you have family in NY, if your children have an existing bonded relationship with both sets of families in Florida, you may have a difficult time convincing a Judge that taking the children away from their home and families is in their best interests.

If you can show that the $20,000.00 is an actual increase in salary not negated by COLA and that you have career advancement opportunities with large increases in salary, that your children have a bonded relationship with your NY family, and that alternative timesharing arrangements can be made and are economically feasible, then you have a better argument for proving that the relocation is in the children’s best interests.

A: In a Florida post-judgment divorce proceeding, alimony may modified assuming the parties did not agree to make it non-modifiable in writing. The general rule in a Florida post-judgment divorce proceeding is, when the former spouse who is receiving alimony remarries, then his/ her right to receive alimony may be terminated. Likewise, in Florida, when the former spouse who is receiving alimony starts living with someone in a “supportive relationship” (as if married), then his/ her right to receive alimony may be decreased or terminated altogether. The burden would be on you to prove that your Ex is in a supportive relationship, for example, has your Ex made major purchases with the other person? Do they have joint bank accounts and/ or lines of credit? These are just a few of the types of questions to be asked.

A: In a Florida Divorce, a spouse in need may ask the other spouse, who has the ability, to pay alimony, for his/ her support. The first question is entitlement and what type of alimony. The Court will look at a variety of factors to determine entitlement such as, without limitation, the age and health of the spouse, the length of marriage, extraordinary contributions made to the marriage, and the earning capacity of the spouse(s). In a Florida Divorce proceeding, a Court may award different types of alimony such as permanent periodic, durational, rehabilitative or bridge-the-gap. If the Court determines that a spouse is entitled to a specific type of alimony, then the Court will quantify that spouse’s need by looking at his/ her separate household and living expenses and, in some instances, the parties’ standard of living.

A: In Florida, alimony may be modified up or down. You would need to prove that a “substantial change(s) in circumstance” has arisen that requires your alimony to be modified (down). A substantial change of circumstance is defined in a Florida post-judgment Divorce proceeding as something that is: (1) material and significant; (2) that is involuntary; (3) that is permanent; and (4) was unanticipated. By example, if you are approaching retirement age and have used your best faith efforts to find other employment, but you cannot find any position earning what you previously earned, then you may be entitled to a downward modification. I would anticipate that your Ex will seek to “impute” income to you and argue that your unemployment is voluntary. Your Ex would have this burden to prove you are voluntarily under- or unemployed.

A: “Parenting Plans” are either agreed upon by the parents or established by the Court after hearing. Either way, the Parenting Plan becomes a court order and neither party can unilaterally withhold the children although some exceptions may apply. The whole point of a Parenting Plan is to provide the parents with a specific “plan” which then takes away the control of either parent to make unilateral decisions. Regardless of whether you have a Parenting Plan, both parents are presumed to know how to take care of their children. Neither parent should unilaterally decide to keep the child home and not allow the other parent timesharing. The expectation is for the parents to “co-parent” and share information such as the administration of any prescription medications. Sometimes, parents have a very acrimonious relationship which complicates co-parenting. I would recommend that the parents use a platform such as Talking Parents or Our Family Wizards so that the parents can keep track of their communications without having to speak in-person or by telephone.

A: Parenting Plans can be changed (modified) if a “substantial change(s) in circumstance” arise. This means that something has arisen since the Final Judgment which is significant and which was unanticipated. If you had no reason to know that your job hours could or might change when the original parenting plan was established, then the change to daytime hours would be “unanticipated”. Each case is unique. Sometimes parenting plans no longer work. If your ex is unilaterally making the rules of when you may or may not see your children because no summer or holiday timesharing was provided, then may also require the Court to change the original Parenting Plan and provide you with specific holiday and summer timesharing.

A: A guardian ad litem (“GAL”) is a neutral, third person appointed by the Court to conduct an investigation and then make a recommendation to the Court as to the “best interests of the child(ren)”. The GAL can speak with “collaterals” who should be able to provide first-hand, personal knowledge regarding the parents and the parents’ relationship with their child(ren), such as teachers, other parents, family, neighbors, coaches, and the like. The GAL will also speak with the parents as to the circumstances giving rise to his/ her concerns. The GAL may also speak with the Child(ren) which usually depends on age and maturity. The GAL is not supposed to be perceived or looked upon as an ally or foe of either parent. The GAL is neutral. Generally, parents waive “hearsay” so that the GAL can share his/ her communications with third persons and the children. Parents are not required to waive hearsay. The attorney must explain the pros and cons of waiving hearsay and the possible ramifications of doing so in relation to the services of a GAL.

A: Florida does not provide for a typical parenting plan. No presumption favors equal timesharing or any other timesharing arrangement. If the parents are unable to establish their own parenting plan, then the Court will establish it. The Court will evaluate a variety of factors to determine the “best interests of the child(ren)”. For example, which parent has demonstrated a willingness to foster a meaningful relationship between the child and the other parent”? The general rule is for the parents to have “shared parental responsibility” and with each parent having timesharing (what used to be called “custody and visitation”). Florida public policy provides that both parents are to have a continuing and meaningful relationship with their child(ren). The parenting plan will set out specific timesharing during the regular school year, holidays and summer break. The parenting plan will also provide specifics as to how the parents are to communicate with each other and the child (when the child is with the other parent) and other specifics as to where the children are to be picked up/ dropped of; the right to travel within or outside the U.S. with the Children; extra-curricular activities for the children; and what is commonly referred to as a “right of first refusal”. The Court cannot allow an expert to determine the parental responsibility and timesharing. This is the domain of the Court.

A: If you owned the House before you married, then it may be your “non-marital” asset and your spouse would not get ½ of the equity. However, a non-marital asset can become marital. For example, if you put your spouse’s name on the deed during the marriage as a joint owner, then you may have “gifted” the house to both you and her, jointly. If the house has remained in your name, but the value of the home increased, then your spouse may be entitled to ½ of the principal reduction and appreciation in value. In this event, if other marital assets exist, you can give your spouse your ½ share of those to offset your spouse’s ½ share of the appreciation in value.

A: Retirement plans such as a 401k, 403b, or IRA, can be partially or totally marital. If your spouse worked during the marriage and invested into a 401k during this time, then that portion earned during the marriage plus any interest on it is marital. You would be entitled to ½ of that portion. However, any portion earned before the marriage plus interest on that portion would be non-marital.

A: The simple answer is “no”. The Court would not award your spouse any of the inheritance as if it were a marital asset. You received the $250,000 from a “non-interspousal” source. However, if you put the $250,000 inheritance into a joint account with your spouse or if you co-mingled marital monies with the inheritance, then you may have converted the inheritance into a marital asset.

A: Divorce law flows in accordance with the acronym P.E.A.C.E. The first “E” is equitable distribution of marital assets and liabilities. The “A” (alimony) then follows. Yes, interest income is included in your spouse’s income and thereby reduces the amount of alimony she may need. Alimony also factors in income from your spouse’s non-marital assets (if any).